Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 10: How long have you been...? – Học Hay

1.

Hãy xem ví dụ dưới đây:

Dan and Kate are married. They got married exactly 20 years ago, so today is their 20th wedding anniversary.

They have been married for 20 years.
We say: They are married. (present)

but How long have they been married?
(not How long are they married?)

They have been married for 20 years.
(not They are married for 20 years)

=> Hiện tại hoàn thành

 

- Ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để nói về một điều gì đó diễn ra ở quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại.

- Hãy so sánh hiện tại đơn và hiện tại hoàn thành:

·         Paul is in hospital.
but He’s been in hospital since Monday. (= He has been …)
(not Paul is in hospital since Monday)

·         We know each other very well.
but We’ve known each other for a long time.
(not We know)

·         Do they have a car?
but How long have they had their car?

·         She’s waiting for somebody.
but She hasn’t been waiting very long.

2.

·         I’ve known / I’ve had / I’ve lived etc. là thì hiện tại hoàn thành

·         I’ve been learning / I’ve been waiting etc. . là thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

- Khi chúng ta hỏi hoặc nói ‘how long’, thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn thường được sử dụng nhiều hơn

·         I’ve been learning English since January.

·         It’s been raining all morning.

·         Richard has been doing the same job for 20 years.

·         ‘How long have you been driving?’ ‘Since I was 17.’

- Một số động từ (know và like) thường không được dùng trong thì tiếp diễn:

·         How long have you known Jane? (not have you been knowing)

·         I’ve had these shoes for ages. (not I’ve been having)

3.

- Động từ live và work có thể dùng được trong cả thì hiện tại hoàn thành và hoàn thành tiếp diễn

·         Julia has been living in this house for a long time. or Julia has lived …

·         How long have you been working here? or How long have you worked here?

- Nhưng ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành (have lived etc.) khi trong câu có từ always

·         I’ve always lived in the country. (not always been living)

4.

- Ta nói ‘I haven’t (làm một việc gì đó) since/for …’ (present perfect simple):

·         I haven’t seen Tom since Monday. (= Monday was the last time I saw him)

·         Sarah hasn’t phoned for ages. (= the last time she phoned was ages ago)

A. Which is right?

1 Ben is a friend of mine. I know / I’ve known him very well. (I know is correct)

2 I like your house. How long do you live / have you lived here?

3 You’ll need an umbrella if you go out now. It’s raining / It’s been raining.

4 The weather is / has been awful since I arrived here.

5 I’m sorry I’m late. Are you waiting / Have you been waiting long?

6 We’ve moved. We’re living / We’ve been living in New Street now.

7 I met Maria only recently. I don’t know / I haven’t known her very long.

8 Lisa is in Germany. She’s / She’s been there on a business trip.

9 That’s a very old bike. How long do you have / have you had it?

10 I’m not feeling good. I’m feeling / I’ve been feeling ill all day.

B Read the situations and write questions using the words in brackets.

1 A friend tells you that Paul is in hospital. You ask him:

(how long / Paul / hospital?)………………………………………………………

2 You know that Jane is a good friend of Katherine’s. You ask Jane:

(how long / you / know / Katherine?)………………………………………………………

3 Your friend’s sister went to Australia some time ago and she’s still there. You ask your friend:

(how long / sister / in Australia?)………………………………………………………

4 You meet a woman who tells you that she teaches English. You ask her:

(how long / you / teach / English?)………………………………………………………

5 Tom always wears the same jacket. It’s very old. You ask him:

(how long / you / have / that jacket?)………………………………………………………

6 You are talking to a friend about Joe, who now works at the airport. You ask your friend:

(how long / Joe / work / airport?)………………………………………………………

7 You meet somebody on a plane. She says that she lives in Chicago. You ask her:

(you / always / live / in Chicago?)………………………………………………………

C Complete B’s answers to A’s questions.

A

B

1 Paul is in hospital, isn’t he? 2 Do you see Lisa very often? 3 Is Paul married? 4 Is Amy married? 5 Do you still play tennis? 6 Are you waiting for the bus? 7 You know Mel, don’t you? 8 Jack is never ill, is he? 9 Martin lives in Italy, doesn’t he? 10 Sue lives in Berlin, doesn’t she? 11 Is Joe watching TV? 12 Do you watch TV a lot? 13 Do you have a headache? 14 Do you go to the cinema a lot? 15 Would you like to go to New York one day?

Yes, he ……………… in hospital since Monday. No, I …………… her for three months. Yes, he ……………married for ten years. Yes, she ……………married to a German guy. No, I ……………tennis for years. Yes, I ……………for about 20 minutes. Yes, we ……………each other a long time. No, he…………… ill since I’ve known him. Yes, he ……………in Milan. Yes, she ……………in Berlin for many years. Yes, he ……………TV all evening. No, I ……………TV since last weekend. Yes, I ……………a headache all morning. No, I ……………to the cinema for ages. Yes, I ……………to go to New York. (use always / want)

A

1. I know

2 have you lived

3 It’s raining

4 has been

5 Have you been waiting

6 We’re living

7 I haven’t known

8 She’s

9 have you had

10 I’ve been feeling

 

B

1. How long has Paul been in hospital?

2 How long have you known Katherine?

3 How long has your sister been in Australia?

4 How long have you been teaching English? / How long have you taught English?

5 How long have you had that jacket?

6 How long has Joe been working at the airport? / How long has Joe worked at the airport?

7 Have you always lived in Chicago?

C

1. has been

2. haven’t seen

3 ’s been / has been

4 ’s / is

5 haven’t played

6 ’ve been waiting / have been waiting

7 ’ve known / have known

8 hasn’t been

9 lives or ’s living / is living

10 ’s lived / has lived or ’s been living / has been living

11 ’s been watching / has been watching

12 haven’t watched

13 ’ve had / have had

14 haven’t been

15 ’ve always wanted / have always wanted

 

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