Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 13: Hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn 2 – Học Hay

- Chúng ta dùng hiện tại hoàn thành cho một khoảng thời gian mà còn tiếp diễn tới tận bây giờ: today / this week / since 2010

- Chúng ta không dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành để nói về khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ (yesterday / last year / ten minutes ago etc.). Lúc này bắt buộc dùng quá khứ đơn

• It was very cold yesterday. (not has been)
• Paul and Lucy arrived ten minutes ago. (not have arrived)
• Did you eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? (not have you eaten)
• I got home late last night. I was very tired and went straight to bed.

- Dùng quá khứ đơn để hỏi  When … ? or What time … ? :

• When did your friends arrive? (not have … arrived)
• What time did you finish work?

- Hãy so sánh các ví dụ sau:

a. Present perfect

• Tom has lost his key. He can’t get into the house.
• Is Carla here or has she left?

b. Past simple

• Tom lost his key yesterday. He couldn’t get into the house.
• When did Carla leave?

A Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary.

1 I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it anywhere. OK

2 Have you eaten a lot of sweets when you were a child? Did you eat

3 I’ve bought a new car. You must come and see it.

4 I’ve bought a new car last week.

5 Where have you been yesterday evening?

6 Maria has left school in 1999.

7 I’m looking for Mike. Have you seen him?

8 ‘Have you been to Paris?’ ‘Yes, many times.’

9 I’m very hungry. I haven’t eaten much today.

10 When has this bridge been built?

B Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple.

1 (it / not / rain / this week) ………………………………..

2 (the weather / be / cold / recently) The weather………………………………..

3 (it / cold / last week) It………………………………..

4 (I / not / eat / any fruit yesterday) I………………………..

5 (I / not / eat / any fruit today)………………………..

6 (Emily / earn / a lot of money / this year)………………………..

7 (she / not / earn / so much / last year)………………………..

8 (you / have / a holiday recently?)………………………..

C Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple.

1 ………………… (I / not / be) to Canada, but I’d like to go there.

2 Paul and Lucy ……………… (arrive) about ten minutes ago.

3 I’m tired. ………………(I / not / sleep) well last night.

4 ………………(There / be) a bus drivers’ strike last week, so……………… (there / be) no buses.

5 Edward ……………….(work) in a bank for 15 years. Then……………… (he / give) it up. Now he works as a gardener.

6 Mary lives in Dublin. ………………(She / live) there all her life.

7 My grandfather ………………(die) before I was born.……………… (I / never / meet) him.

8 I don’t know Karen’s husband. ………………(I / never / meet) him.

9 It’s nearly lunchtime, and ………………(I / not / see) Martin all morning. I wonder where he is.

10 A: ………………(you / go) to the cinema last night?

B: Yes, but the movie (be) awful.

11 A: ………………(It / be) very warm here since we arrived.

B: Yes, ………………(it / be) 35 degrees yesterday.

12 A: Where do you live? B: In Boston.

A: How long ………………(you / live) there? B: Five years.

A: Where ………………(you / live) before that? B: In Chicago.

A: And how long ………………(you / live) in Chicago? B: Two years.

D Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.

1 (something you haven’t done today) …………………….

2 (something you haven’t done today)…………………….

3 (something you didn’t do yesterday)…………………….

4 (something you did yesterday evening)…………………….

5 (something you haven’t done recently)…………………….

6 (something you’ve done a lot recently) …………………….

A

1. OK

2. Did you eat

3 OK

4 I bought

5 Where were you

6 Maria left school

7 OK

8 OK

9 OK

10 When was this bridge built?

B

1. It hasn’t rained this week.

2 The weather has been cold recently.

3 It was cold last week.

4 I didn’t eat any fruit yesterday.

5 I haven’t eaten any fruit today.

6 Emily has earned a lot of money this year.

7 She didn’t earn so much last year.

8 Have you had a holiday recently?

C

1. haven’t been

2. arrived

3 I didn’t sleep

4 There was … there were

5 worked … he gave

6 She’s lived / She has lived

7 died … I never met

8 I’ve never met / I have never met

9 I haven’t seen

10 Did you go … was

11 It’s been / It has been … it was

12 have you lived / have you been living … did you live … did you live

D

1. I haven’t eaten any fruit today.

Example answers:

2 I haven’t bought anything today.

3 I didn’t watch TV yesterday.

4 I went out with some friends yesterday evening.

5 I haven’t been to the cinema recently.

6 I’ve read a lot of books recently.

 

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