Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 15: Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn – Học Hay

1. Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:

- Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (past perfect continuous) được dùng để diễn tả một hành động quá khứ đã xảy ra và kéo dài cho đến khi hành động quá khứ thứ hai xảy ra. Thường khoảng thời gian kéo dài được nêu rõ trong câu.

- Hành động thứ nhất dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn, hành động thứ hai dùng thì quá khứ đơn.

• Ví dụ: The men had been playing game for an hour before I arrived.
  (Họ đã chơi game được một tiếng trước khi tôi đến)

2. Cấu trúc thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:

a. Thể khẳng định:

S + had + been + V-ing + O + …

Ví dụ:

• He had been driving on the motorway for several hours when the accident happened.
  (Anh ấy đã chạy trên đường được vài tiếng khi tai nạn xảy ra)

b. Thể phủ định:

S + hadn’t + been + V-ing + O +…

• Ví dụ: I hadn’t been waiting there when she arrived.
  (Tôi đã không đợi ở đó khi cô ấy đến)

c. Thể nghi vấn:

	Công thức	Ví dụ
Yes/no question - Dạng câu hỏi phủ định yes/no được dùng khi người nói kỳ vọng câu trả lời sẽ là "yes"	- Had + S + been + V-ing + O + …?	Had they been talking for over an hour? (Có phải họ đã nói chuyện hơn gần một tiếng rồi?)
	- Hadn't + S + been + V-ing + O + …?	Hadn't you been waiting to get on the bus? (Không phải bạn đã đợi để lên xe buýt ư?
	- Had + S + not + been + V-ing + O + …?	Had you not been waiting to get on the bus?
Wh- question (Các từ để hỏi gồm what, when, where, why, how, which, …)   - Dạng câu hỏi phủ định Wh- được dùng để nhấn mạnh hoặc dùng như bình thường	Từ để hỏi + had + S + been + V-ing + O + …?	Whom had she been waiting for? (Cô ấy đang đợi ai nãy giờ vậy?)
	Từ để hỏi + hadn't + S + been + V-ing + O + …?	Why hadn't she been paying her bills? (Tại sao cô ấy lại không trả tiền hóa đơn nhỉ?)
	- Từ để hỏi + had + S + not + been + V-ing + O + …?	- Why had she not been paying her bills?

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết:

Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn: trong câu có các từ như how long, since, for, và các từ như trong thì quá khứ hoàn thành như: before…, by the time, by;  No sooner … than; Hardly/ Scarely … when; It was not until … that; Not until … that …

Ví dụ:

• I had been waiting for an hour before the plane took off.
  (Tôi đã đợi ở đây 1 tiếng đồng hồ trước khi máy bay cất cánh)

• My parents had been teaching for 40 years when they got retired.
  (Cha mẹ tôi đã giảng dạy suốt 40 năm cho tới khi họ nghỉ hưu)
• He had been sleeping when we walked into his room.
  (Khi chúng tôi bước vào phòng thì anh ta đang ngủ)

A Read the situations and make sentences using the words in brackets.

1 Tom was very tired when he got home.

(He / work / hard all day) ………………………………………………….

2 The children came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired.

(They / play / football)………………………………………………….

3 I was disappointed when I had to cancel my holiday.

(I / look / forward to it)………………………………………………….

4 Anna woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn’t know where she was.

(She / have / a bad dream)………………………………………………….

5 When I got home, Mark was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off.

(He / watch / a film)………………………………………………….

6 The people waiting at the bus stop were getting impatient. The bus was very late.

(They / wait / a long time)………………………………………………….

B Read the situations and complete the sentences.

1 We played tennis yesterday. We didn’t finish our game.

……………………….. (We / play) for half an hour when …………………….. (it / start) to rain.

2 I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and waited for him to come.

……………………..(I / wait) for 20 minutes when ……………………..(I / realise) that ……………………..(I / be) in the wrong restaurant.

3 Sarah worked in a company for a long time. The company no longer exists.

At the time the company …………………(go) out of business, Sarah …………………(work) there for twelve years.

4 I went to a concert. Soon after the orchestra began playing, something strange happened.

The orchestra …………………(play) for about ten minutes when a man in the audience suddenly …………………(start) shouting.

Now make your own sentence:

5 I began walking along the road. I …………………when…………………

C Which is right?

1 It was noisy next door last night. Our neighbours were having / had been having a party.

2 At the end of our journey we were extremely tired. We were travelling / We’d been travelling for more

than 24 hours.

3 James was on his hands and knees on the floor. He was looking / He’d been looking for his

contact lens.

4 Sue was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She was running / She’d been running.

5 John and I went for a walk. He was walking / He’d been walking very fast and I had difficulty keeping up with him.

6 I was sad when I sold my car. I’ve had it / I’d had it for a very long time.

7 I was sad when my local cafe closed. I was going / I’d been going there for many years.

8 I’m running a marathon next month. I’ve been training / I’d been training for it every day.

9 I had arranged to meet Kate, but I was late. When I finally arrived, she was waiting / she’d been waiting for me. She was annoyed because she was waiting / she’d been waiting such a long time.

10a Joe and I work for the same company. He joined the company before me. When I started a few years ago, he was already working / he’d already been working there.

10b I started working at the company a few years ago. At the time I started, Joe was already working / had already been working there for two years.

10c Joe still works for the company. He’s been working / He’d been working there a long time now.

A

1. He’d been working hard all day.

2 They’d been playing football. / They had been playing …

3 I’d been looking forward to it. / I had been looking forward …

4 She’d been having a bad dream. / She had been having …

5 He’d been watching a film. / He had been watching …

6 They’d been waiting a long time. / They had been waiting …

B

1. We’d been playing/it started

2 I’d been waiting / I had been waiting … I realised (that) I was (in …)

3 went … had been working or had worked

4 had been playing … started

5 Example answer:

I’d been walking for about ten minutes when a car suddenly stopped just behind me.

C

1. were having

2 We’d been travelling

3 He was looking

4 She’d been running

5 He was walking

6 I’d had it

7 I’d been going

8 I’ve been training

9 (When I finally arrived,) she was waiting … she’d been waiting (such a long time)

10 a he was already working

b had already been working

c He’s been working

 

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