Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 19: I’m going to – Học Hay

1. Cách dùng thì tương lai gần:

Cách sử dụng thì tương lai gần	Ví dụ
Thì tương lai gần (to be going to) được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra hoặc một dự định sắp được tiến hành (đã lên kế hoạch trước).	My mom is going to retire. (Mẹ tôi sẽ nghỉ hưu) I’m going to party this summer. (Tôi sẽ ăn chơi mùa hè này)
Thì tương lai gần trong tiếng anh dùng để diễn đạt một lời dự đoán dựa vào bằng chứng (evidence) ở hiện tại	The sky is getting darker, I think it's going to rain. (Trời đang chuyển đen, tôi nghĩ sẽ có mưa đó)
Diễn đạt sự ra lệnh hoặc sự yêu cầu 1 nhiệm vụ: cha mẹ với con cái, thầy cô với học trò	You’re going to clean your room right now. Your room is such a mess! (Dọn phòng ngay lập tức đi. Phòng con bừa bộn quá!)

2. Cấu trúc thì tương lai gần:

Thì tương lai gần sử dụng cấu trúc be going to

a. Thể khẳng định:

S + be + going to + V + O + …

Cách chia động từ to be:

Chủ ngữ	to be
I	am
he/ she/ it	is
we/ you/ they	are

Ví dụ:

• He’s going to send his mother money.
  (Anh ấy sẽ gửi tiền cho mẹ anh ấy)
• We’re going to dance all night.
  (Chúng ta sẽ nhảy nhót cả đêm)

b. Thể phủ định:

S + be + not + going to + V + O + …

Chủ ngữ	to be
I	am not
he/ she/ it	isn't (is not)
we/ you/ they	aren't (are not)

• Ví dụ: He isn't going to visit his Mom this weekend.
  (Anh ta không có dự định đi thăm mẹ mình vào cuối tuần này)

 

c. Thể nghi vấn:

Thể nghi vấn	Cấu trúc	Ví dụ
Yes/no question - Dạng câu hỏi phủ định yes/no được dùng khi người nói kỳ vọng câu trả lời sẽ là "yes"	Is/am/are + S + going to + V + O + …?	- Are you going to take an English course this summer? (Mày có dự tính sẽ tham gia 1 khoá học tiếng anh hè này không?)
	Isn't/aren't + S + going to + V + O + …?	Isn't he going to cook dinner? (Không phải ông ấy đang định nấu ăn sao?)
	Is/am/are + S + not + going to + V + O + …?	Is he not going to cook dinner?
Wh- question (Các từ để hỏi gồm what, when, where, why, how, which, whom, who.)	Từ để hỏi + is/am/are + S + going to V + O + …?	What are you going to do? (Bạn đang tính làm gì vậy?)

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết:

Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì tương lai gần: trong câu có các từ in the future, next year, next week, next time, and soon.

• Ví dụ: We are going to visit Huong Pagoda next week.
  (Chúng tôi sẽ đi tham quan chùa Hương tuần tới)

A Write questions with going to.

1 Your friend has won some money. You ask:

(what / do?) What are you going to do with it?

2 Your friend is going to a wedding next week. You ask:

(what / wear?)………………………………………..

3 Your friend has just bought a new table. You ask:

(where / put?)………………………………………..

4 Your friend has decided to have a party. You ask:

(who / invite?)………………………………………..

5 Your friend has bought some fish for dinner. You ask:

(how / cook?)………………………………………..

B Complete the sentences using I’m going to … / I’m not going to … . Choose from:

complain              learn     run         say         try          wash     not/accept          not/eat                not/tell

 

1 This cheese smells horrible. I’m not going to eat it.

2 I haven’t been trying hard enough. From now on ………………harder.

3 I have to make a speech tomorrow, but I don’t know what ……………….

4 ‘The car is very dirty.’ ‘I know. ………………….it.’

5 I’ve been offered a job, but ………………….it. The pay is too low.

6 ………………….a language, but I haven’t decided yet which one.

7 One day ………………….in a marathon. It’s my ambition.

8 The food in this restaurant is awful. …………………..

9 Ben doesn’t need to know what happened, so ………………….him.

C What is going to happen in these situations? Use the words in brackets.

1 There are a lot of black clouds in the sky.

(rain) It’s going to rain.

2 It is 8.30. Tom is leaving home. He has to be at work at 8.45, but the journey takes 30 minutes.

(late) He…………………………….

3 There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. A lot of water is coming in through the hole.

(sink) The boat…………………………….

4 Amy and Ben are driving. The tank is nearly empty. It’s a long way to the nearest petrol station.

(run out) They…………………………….

5 Sarah’s car was badly damaged in an accident. Now it has to be repaired.

(cost a lot) It …………………………….to repair the car.

D Complete the sentences with was/were going to. Choose from:

be           buy        give up                phone   play        say         travel

 

1 We were going to travel by train, but then we decided to go by car instead.

2 I ……………………..some new clothes yesterday, but I didn’t have time to go to the shops.

3 Tom and I ……………………..tennis last week, but he’d hurt his knee and had to cancel.

4 I ……………………..Jane, but I sent her an email instead.

5 I thought the exam ……………………..hard, but it was easier than I expected.

6 Peter…………………….. his job, but in the end he decided to stay where he was.

7 I’m sorry I interrupted you. What ……………………..you …………………………….?

A

2 What are you going to wear?

3 Where are you going to put it?

4 Who are you going to invite?

5 How are you going to cook it?

B

2 I’m going to try

3 I’m going to say

4 I’m going to wash

5 I’m not going to accept

6 I’m going to learn

7 I’m going to run

8 I’m going to complain

9 I’m not going to tell

C

2 He’s going to be late.

3 The boat is going to sink.

4 They’re going to run out of petrol.

5 It’s going to cost a lot (of money) to repair the car.

D

2 was going to buy

3 were going to play

4 was going to phone

5 was going to be

6 was going to give up

7 were you going to say

 

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