Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 27: must & can’t – Học Hay

- Động từ khiếm khuyết Must thể hiện sự chắc chắn, dự đoán (Likelihood and Certainty)

• Are you going out at midnight? You must be mad!
  (Cô tính ra ngoài lúc nửa đêm à? Cô điên thiệt rồi!)
• You have worked hard all day; you must be tired.
  (Bạn đã làm việc chăm chỉ cả ngày, bạn hẳn là mệt lắm)

 

- Can't là dạng phủ định của must, dự đoán khả năng xảy ra cao. (Can't have V3/-ed là dạng phủ định của must have V3/-ed)

• A: Who does he love? It must be you.
  (Cậu ấy thích ai nhỉ? Nhất định là bà lấy)
• B: It can't be me. I argume with him all the time.
  (Không thể nào là tui được. Tui cãi nhau với nó suốt)

=> A nhìn thấy khả năng xảy ra cao nên dùng must, B dùng can't để phủ định lại khả năng đó: B cãi nhau với cậu ta suốt nên không thể nào có chuyện đó xảy ra)

 

- Trong quá khứ ta dùng cấu trúc:

Must/can't + have + V3/ed

 

• The streets are wet. It must have rained last night.
  (Đường xá ướt nhem, tối qua chắc hẳn trời mưa)
• He can't have moved the piano himself.
  (Thằng bé không thể tự mình chuyển cây đàn dương cầm được)

A Put in must or can’t.

1 You’ve been travelling all day. You must be tired.

2 That restaurant ……………….be very good. It’s always full of people.

3 That restaurant ……………….be very good. It’s always empty.

4 I’m sure Kate gave me her address. I ……………….have it somewhere.

5 I often see that man in this street. He ……………….live near here.

6 It rained every day during their holiday. It ……………….have been very nice for them.

7 Congratulations on passing your exam. You ……………….be very pleased.

8 This bill ……………….be correct. It’s much too high.

9 You got here very quickly. You ……………….have driven very fast.

10 Bill and Sue always stay at five-star hotels. They ……………….be short of money.

11 Karen hasn’t left the office yet. She ……………….be working late tonight.

B Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words).

1 I’ve lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere.

2 Their house is very near the motorway. It must be very noisy.

3 You’ve lived in this village a long time. You must …………….everybody who lives here.

4 I don’t seem to have my wallet with me. I must …………….it at home.

5 ‘How old is Ed?’ ‘He’s older than me. He must …………….at least 40.’

6 I didn’t hear my phone. I must …………….asleep.

7 ‘You’re going on holiday soon. You must …………….forward to it.’ ‘Yes, I am.’

8 I’m sure you know this song. You must …………….it before.

9 The road is closed, so we have to go another way. There must …………….an accident.

10 ‘Do you have a car?’ ‘You must …………….! How could I afford to have a car?’

11 David is the managing director of a large company, so he must …………….quite a high salary.

C Use the words in brackets to write sentences with must have and can’t have.

1 We went to our friends’ house and rang the doorbell, but nobody answered. (they / go out)

They must have gone out.

2 Sarah hasn’t contacted me. (she / get / my message)

She can’t have got my message.

3 The jacket you bought is very good quality. (it / be / very expensive)

4 I haven’t seen our neighbours for the last few days. (they / go away)

5 I can’t find my umbrella. (I / leave / it in the restaurant last night)

6 Amy was in a very difficult situation when she lost her job. (it / be / easy for her)

7 There was a man standing outside the cafe. He was there a long time. (he / wait / for somebody)

8 Rachel did the opposite of what I asked her to do. (she / understand / what I said)

9 When I got back to my car, it was unlocked. (I / forget / to lock it)

10 My neighbours were making a lot of noise in the night. It woke me up. (they / have / a party)

11 The light was red, but the car didn’t stop. (the driver / see / the red light)

12 Paul has had these shoes for years, but they still look new. (he / wear / them much)

A

2 must

3 can’t

4 must

5 must

6 can’t

7 must

8 can’t

9 must

10 can’t

11 must

B

3 know

4 have left

5 be

6 have been

7 be looking

8 have heard

9 have been

10 be joking

11 get / be getting or have

C

3 It must have been very expensive.

4 They must have gone away.

5 I must have left it in the restaurant last night.

6 It can’t have been easy for her.

7 He must have been waiting for somebody.

8 She can’t have understood what I said. or She couldn’t have understood what I said.

9 I must have forgotten to lock it.

10 They must have been having a party.

11 The driver can’t have seen the red light. or The driver couldn’t have seen …

12 He can’t have worn them much.

 

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