Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 38: If I had known....I wish I had known... – Học Hay

A. IF I HAD KNOWN

- Cách dùng:

Câu điều kiện loại 3 là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ. Câu điều kiện loại 3 được dùng để diễn tả một điều không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.

Công thức: If + S + had + V3/-ed + O…, S' + would/ could + have + V3/-ed + O …

Ví dụ:

• If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exams.
  (Nếu cậu ta học hành chăm chỉ, thì câụ ta đã đậu kỳ thi rồi)

• If I had known she was sick, I would have visited her.
  (Nếu tôi biết cô ấy bị bệnh, thì tôi đã tới thăm cô ấy rồi)

B. I WISH I HAD KNOWN

- Cách dùng wish loại 3:

Câu ao ước ở quá khứ dùng để diễn tả những mong ước về một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ, hay giả định một điều ngược lại so với thực tại đã xảy ra ở quá khứ. Chúng ta sử dụng câu điều ước wish ở quá khứ để ước một điều trái với những gì đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, thường là để diễn tả sự nuối tiếc ở quá khứ.

- Cấu trúc câu ước loại 3:

Khẳng định: S + wish(es) + Noun/Pronoun + had + V3/-ed

Phủ định: S + wish(es) + Noun/Pronoun + hadn’t + V3/-ed

Ví dụ:

• I wish I hadn’t said that to Helen. (Helen was hurt by my words)
  (Tôi ước gì mình không nói những lời đó với Helen)

• He wishes he had met her last year. (She has gone)
  (Anh ta ước mình có thể gặp cô ấy năm rồi.

A Put the verb into the correct form.

1 I didn’t see you. If I’d seen (I / see) you, I would have said (I / say) hello.

2 Sarah got to the station just in time to catch her train to the airport. If…………………(she / miss) the train, …………………(she / miss) her flight too.

3 Thanks for reminding me about Lisa’s birthday. …………………(I / forget) if …………………(you / not / remind) me.

4 I didn’t have your email address, so I couldn’t contact you. If …………………(I / have) your email address, …………………(I / send) you an email.

5 Their trip was OK, but …………………(they / enjoy) it more if the weather …………………(be) better.

6 Sorry we’re late. Our taxi got stuck in the traffic. …………………(it / be) quicker if …………………(we / walk).

7 Why didn’t you tell me about your problem? If …………………(you / tell) me, …………………(I / try) to help you.

8 I’m not tired. If …………………(I / be) tired, I’d go home now.

9 I wasn’t tired last night. If …………………(I / be) tired, I would have gone home earlier.

B For each situation, write a sentence beginning with If.

1 I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything.

=> If I’d been hungry, I would have eaten something.

2 The accident happened because the road was icy.

If the road………………………..

3 I didn’t know that you had to get up early, so I didn’t wake you up.

If I………………………..

4 Unfortunately I lost my phone, so I couldn’t call you.

5 Karen wasn’t injured in the crash, because fortunately she was wearing a seat belt.

6 You didn’t have any breakfast – that’s why you’re hungry now.

7 I didn’t get a taxi because I didn’t have enough money.

8 Dan didn’t do well at school, so he couldn’t go to university.

C Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish.

1 You’ve eaten too much and now you feel sick.

=> You say: I wish I hadn’t eaten so much.

2 When you were younger, you never learned to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this.

You say:…………………………

3 You’ve painted the gate red. Now you think it doesn’t look good. Red was the wrong colour.

You say:…………………………

4 You decided to travel by car, but the journey was long and tiring. Going by train would have been better.

You say: I wish we…………………………

5 Last year you went to New York with a friend. You didn’t have time to do all the things you wanted to do.

You say:…………………………

6 You moved to a new flat a few months ago. Now you don’t like your new flat. You think that moving was a bad idea.

You say:…………………………

A

2 If she’d missed / she had missed (the train), she’d have missed / she would have missed (her flight too).

3 I’d have forgotten / I would have forgotten (if) you hadn’t reminded

4 I’d had / I had had (your email address) I’d have sent / I would have

sent (you an email)

5 they’d have enjoyed / they would have enjoyed (it more if the weather) had been (better)

6 It would have been (quicker if) we’d walked / we had walked

7 you’d told / you had told (me) I’d have tried / I would have tried

8 I were / I was

9 I’d been / I had been

B

2 If the road hadn’t been icy, the accident wouldn’t have happened.

3 If I’d known / If I had known (that you had to get up early), I’d have

woken / I would have woken you up.

4 If I hadn’t lost my phone (or If I’d had my phone), I’d have called you. or … I would have called you. or … I could have called you.

5 If Karen hadn’t been wearing a seat belt, she’d have been injured / she would have been injured (in the crash). or … she might have been injured or … she could have been injured

6 If you’d had / If you had had (some) breakfast, you wouldn’t be hungry now.

7 If I’d had / If I had had enough money, I’d have got / I would have got a taxi. (or … taken a taxi)

8 If Dan had done well/better at school, he could/would have gone to university.

C

2 I wish I’d learned / I wish I had learned to play a musical instrument (when I was younger). or I wish I could play … / I wish I was able to play …

3 I wish I hadn’t painted it red. or … the gate red. or I wish I had painted it a different colour.

4 I wish we’d gone / I wish we had gone by train. or I wish we hadn’t gone by car.

5 I wish we’d had / I wish we had had more time (to do all the things we wanted to do).

6 I wish I hadn’t moved (to my new flat). or I wish I’d stayed where I was. / … stayed in my old flat.

 

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