Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 41: Câu bị động đặc biệt 1 – Học Hay

1. Câu chủ động có hai tân ngữ

- Nếu trong câu có 2 tân ngữ (thưởng xảy ra với các động từ như give, lend, make, do, get, send, show, buy…) thì cả 2 đều có thể trở thành chủ ngữ ở câu bị động. Nó tùy thuộc vào việc ta muốn tập trung vào việc nào, tân ngữ nào.

I.O: Tân ngữ gián tiếp ; D.O: Tân ngữ trực tiếp
S: chủ ngữ ; S': Chủ ngữ bị động
O: Tân ngữ; O': Tân ngữ bị động

Chủ động: S + V + I.O + D.O
Bị động:

          + S’ (I.O) + Be + V3/-ed + O’ (D.O) + by + S
          + S’ (D.O) + be + V3/-ed + (to) I.O + by + S

Ví dụ:

He sends his relative a letter.

• → His relative was sent a letter.
  (S’ = I.O = His relative | O’ = D.O = a letter)
• → A letter was sent to his relative (by him)
  (S’= D.O = A letter | O’ = I.O = his relative)

- Khi dùng câu bị động kiểu này, ta phải thêm trước đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ giới từ to (với các động từ give, lend, send, show) và for (với các động từ buy, make, get, do…)

• Ví dụ: He brought me a rose. (Anh ấy mua cho tôi 1 đóa hồng)
  ⇒ A rose was brought for me.

2. Câu chủ động có dạng V-ing

S: chủ ngữ; S': Chủ ngữ bị động
O: Tân ngữ; O': Tân ngữ bị động

Chủ động: S + V + O + V-ing + O' + …
Bị động: S + V + O' + BEING + V3/ed + …

• Ví dụ: I remembered Lucie taking my bag away yesterday.
  → I remembered my bag being taken by Lucie yesterday.
  (Ngày hôm qua tôi nhớ là Lucie đã lấy cái túi của tôi đi mất)

 

3. Câu chủ động với Get

- Get trong câu bị động

• There was a fight, but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was hurt)
• I don’t get invited to many parties. (= I’m not invited)
• I’m surprised Liz didn’t get offered the job. (= Liz wasn’t offered the job)

- Chúng ta chỉ có thể dùng get cho khi có sự việc xảy ra. Ta không thể dùng get trong các trường hợp sau:

• Jessica is liked by everybody. (not gets liked – đây không phải là điều đang diễn ra)
• Peter was a mystery man. Very little was known about him. (not got known)

- Get thường được dùng trong văn phong không trang trọng.

- Get thường được dùng trong các cụm từ sau (không có nghĩa bị động)

• get married, get divorced get dressed (= put on your clothes)
• get lost (= not know where you are) get changed (= change your clothes)

A Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb.

1 I tried to contact Tom.

I called his office but I was told (tell) that he was in a meeting.

2 Amy retired from her job recently.

She ……………….(give) a present by her colleagues.

3 I didn’t know there was a meeting yesterday.

I ……………… (not / tell) about it.

4 Sarah’s salary is very low.

I don’t understand why she ……………… (pay) so little.

5 You will need to use this machine.

Have you ……………… (show) how it works?

6 I had an interview for a job recently. It wasn’t easy.

I ……………… (ask) some questions that were very hard for me to answer.

7 They didn’t tell us much about the project.

We ……………… (not / give) enough information.

8 I was surprised to get the job I applied for.

I didn’t expect ……………… (offer) it.

B Complete the sentences using being + the following verbs (in the correct form):

bite        give        invite     keep      knock    down    stick       treat

 

1 Steve hates being kept waiting.

2 We went to the wedding without……………… .

3 I like giving presents and I also like ………………them.

4 It’s a busy road and I don’t like crossing it. I’m afraid of……………… .

5 How do you avoid ………………by mosquitoes?

6 I’m an adult. I don’t like ………………like a child.

7 You can’t do anything about……………… in a traffic jam.

C Complete the sentences using get or got + the following verbs (in the correct form):

ask         break    hurt      pay         steal      sting      stop       use

 

1 There was a fight, but nobody got hurt .

2 Alex ………………by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.

3 These tennis courts don’t ………………very often. Not many people want to play here.

4 I used to have a bike, but it ………………a few months ago.

5 Rachel works hard, but she doesn’t ………………very much.

6 Please pack these things very carefully. I don’t want anything to……………… .

7 People often want to know what my job is. I ………………that question a lot.

8 Last night I ………………by the police as I was driving home. One of the lights on my car wasn’t working.

D Complete the sentences.

1 I’ve been offered the job, but I don’t think I’ll accept it.

2 I don’t get invited to many parties.

3 Which year ………………you born in?

4 I haven’t been any information yet.

5 I didn’t know the way, so I got ……………….

6 He doesn’t like ………………interrupted when he’s speaking.

7 How did the window ………………broken? What happened?

8 She’s a voluntary worker. She ………………get paid.

9 I ………………born in a small town in the north of the country.

10 We had to do what we did. We ………………given any choice.

A

2 was given

3 wasn’t told / was not told

4 ’s paid / is paid

5 been shown

6 was asked

7 weren’t given / were not given

8 to be offered

B

2 being invited

3 being given

4 being knocked down

5 being bitten

6 being treated

7 being stuck

C

2 got stung

3 get used

4 got stolen

5 get paid

6 get broken

7 get asked

8 got stopped

D

3 were

4 given

5 lost

6 being

7 get

8 doesn’t

9 was

10 weren’t

 

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