Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 42: Câu bị động đặc biệt 2 – Học Hay

1. Thể bị động của các động từ tường thuật

- Các động từ tường thuật gồm: assume, believe, claim, consider, expect, feel, find, know, report, say, think, find, understand, discover, prove, observe, estimate…

- Đối với các động từ tường thuật, có 2 cách để chuyển câu chủ động sang bị động.

S: chủ ngữ; S': Chủ ngữ bị động
O: Tân ngữ; O': Tân ngữ bị động

a. Cách 1:

Câu chủ động: S + V + THAT + S' + V' + …
⇒ Câu bị động: It + be + V3/-ed + THAT + S' + V'

Ví dụ:

• People say that your father drink lots of beer.
  (Người ta nói rằng cha của em uống rất nhiều bia)
  ⇒ It is said that your father drink lots of beer.
   
• They claimed that you got the highest score in the entrance exam.
  (Người ta quả quyết rằng em đạt điểm số cao nhất ở cuộc thi đầu vào)
  ⇒ It was claimed that you got the highest score in the entrance exam.

b. Cách 2:

Câu chủ động: S + V + THAT + S' + V' + …

       + V và V’ cùng ở hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn
       + V ở hiện tại đơn, V’ ở tương lai đơn

⇒ Câu bị động: S' + be + V3/-ed + to V’

Ví dụ:

• People believe that he is my weakness.
  (Mọi người tin rằng anh ấy là điểm yếu của tôi)
  ⇒ He is believed to be my weakness.
   
• They claimed that you got the highest score in the entrance exam.
  (Người ta quả quyết rằng em đạt điểm số cao nhất ở cuộc thi đầu vào)
  ⇒ You was claimed to get the highest score in the entrance exam.

         + V ở hiện tại đơn và V’ ở quá khứ đơn

⇒ Câu bị động: S' + be + V3/-ed + to have V’3/-ed

• Ví dụ: Everyone says that Josh left the country 3 months ago.
  (Ai cũng nói rằng Josh đã rời khỏi đất nước 3 tháng trước)
  ⇒ Josh is said to have left the country 3 months ago.

       + V ở hiện tại đơn và V’ ở hiện tại tiếp diễn

⇒ Câu bị động: S' + be + V3/-ed + to be V’ing

• Ví dụ: People think that Jane is still waiting for me.
  (Mọi người nghĩ rằng Jane vẫn đang chờ đợi tôi)
  ⇒ Jane is thought to be waiting for me

       + V ở hiện tại đơn và V’ ở quá khứ tiếp diễn

⇒ Câu bị động: S' + be + V3/-ed + to have been V’ing

• Ví dụ: I think that they were doing homework.
  (Tôi nghĩ là chúng nó đang làm bài tập về nhà)
  ⇒ They are thought to have been doing homework.

2. Supposed to

- Supposed được dùng tương tự như said to … :

• I want to see that film. It’s supposed to be good. (= people say it’s good)
• There are many stories about Joe. He’s supposed to have robbed a bank many years ago.
• Fireworks are supposed to have been invented in China. Is it true?

- Đôi lúc, supposed to … có ý nghĩa là những gì được dự định, sắp xếp hoặc dự kiến. Thường thì điều này khác với tình huống thực tế

• The plan is supposed to be a secret, but everybody seems to know about it.
  (= kế hoạch được dự định sẽ là bí mất)
• What are you doing at work? You’re supposed to be on holiday.
  (= bạn được sắp xếp để nghỉ lễ)
• Our guests were supposed to come at 7.30, but they were late.
• Jane was supposed to phone me last night, but she didn’t.
• I’d better hurry. I’m supposed to be meeting Chris in ten minutes.

- You’re not supposed to do something = không được phép hoặc không được khuyên làm điều gì đó

• You’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
• Joe is much better after his illness, but he’s not supposed to exercise too hard.

A Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Use the underlined word each time.

1 It is expected that the strike will end soon.

The strike is expected to end soon.

2 It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods.

Many people………………………

3 It is thought that the thieves got in through a window in the roof.

The thieves……………………

4 It is alleged that the driver of the car was driving at 110 miles an hour.

The driver……………………

5 It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by the fire.

The building……………………

6 It is said that the company is losing a lot of money.

The company……………………

7 It is believed that the company lost a lot of money last year.

The company……………………

8 It is expected that the company will make a loss this year.

The company……………………

B Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets and any other necessary words.

1 A: What’s the City Hotel like? Can you recommend it?

B: I’ve never stayed there, but it’s supposed to be (it / supposed) very good.

2 A: How much are these paintings worth?

B: I’m not sure, but …………………… (they / supposed) very valuable.

3 A: This looks an interesting building.

B: Yes, …………………… (it / supposed) a prison a long time ago.

4 A: Is it true that your neighbours were lucky in the lottery?

B: Yes, …………………… (they / supposed / win) a lot of money.

5 A: Is it possible to climb to the top of the tower?

B: Yes, …………………… (the view / supposed) very nice.

6 A: I heard that Laura has gone away.

B: Yes, …………………… (she / supposed / living) in London now.

C Write sentences using supposed to be + the following:

on a diet              a flower               my friend            a joke    open every day                                a secret                 working

 

1 How is it that everybody knows about the plan? It’s supposed to be a secret.

2 You shouldn’t criticise me all the time. You……………………

3 I shouldn’t be eating this cake really. I……………………

4 I’m sorry for what I said. I was trying to be funny. It……………………

5 What’s this drawing? Is it a tree? Or maybe it……………………

6 You shouldn’t be playing a game now. ……………………

7 That’s strange. The museum seems to be closed. ……………………

D Write sentences with supposed to … or not supposed to … . Choose from the following verbs:

depart lift           park       phone   put         start

 

1 You ’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.

2 We ……………………work at 8.15, but we rarely do anything before 8.30.

3 I ……………………Helen last night, but I completely forgot.

4 This door is a fire exit. We ……………………anything in front of it.

5 My flight ……………………at 10.15, but it didn’t leave until 11.30.

6 Jonathan has a problem with his back. He ……………………anything heavy.

A

2 Many people are reported to be homeless after the floods.

3 The thieves are thought to have got in through a window in the roof.

4 The driver (of the car) is alleged to have been driving at 110 miles an hour. or … to have driven at …

5 The building is reported to have been badly damaged by the fire.

6 The company is said to be losing a lot of money.

7 The company is believed to have lost a lot of money last year.

8 The company is expected to make a loss this year.

B

2 they’re / they are supposed to be

3 it’s / it is supposed to have been

4 they’re / they are supposed to have won

5 the view is supposed to be

6 she’s / she is supposed to be living

C

2 You’re / You are supposed to be my friend.

3 I’m / I am supposed to be on a diet.

4 It was supposed to be a joke.

5 Or maybe it’s / it is supposed to be a flower.

6 You’re / You are supposed to be working.

7 It’s supposed to be open every day.

D

2 ’re / are supposed to start

3 was supposed to phone

4 aren’t / ’re not / are not supposed to put

5 was supposed to depart

6 isn’t / ’s not / is not supposed to lift

 

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