Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 104: Giới từ đi với danh từ

Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 104: Giới từ đi với danh từ – Học Hay

Ngoài tính từ ra thì giới từ còn đi với cả danh từ. Danh từ đi kèm giới từ cho chúng ta biết chính xác vị trí của vật hoặc cách thức mà một việc được thực hiện. Có rất nhiều giới từ + danh từ , tuy nhiên, bài viết chỉ tập trung vào các danh từ đi với giới từ phổ biến.

Bảng danh từ đi với giới từ thông dụng trong tiếng anh:

Giới từ với danh từ	Nghĩa
BY
by accident = by chance = by mistake = by coincidence	tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên
by air	bằng đường không
by far	cho đến tận bây giờ
by name	bằngtên là
by oneself	một mình
by the way	nhân tiện đây
by heart	học thuộc lòng
by surprise	1 cách bất ngờ
by cheque	bằng ngân phiếu
FOR
for fear of	vì sợ về
for life	cả cuộc đời
for the foreseeable future	cho 1 tương lai có thể đoán trước
for instance = for example	ví dụ là
for sale	để bày bán
for a while	trong chốc lát
for the moment	cho tạm thời
for the time being	cho tạm thời
for ages	đã lâu rồi= for a long time
for example	ví dụ
for a change	thay đổi
AT
at any rate	bất kì giá nào
at disadvantage	ở vị thế bất lợi
at fault	sai lầm
at present	hiện tại, bây giờ
at times	thỉnh thoảng
at risk	đang gặp nguy hiểm
at first sight	ngay từ cái nhìn đầu tiên
at first	lúc đầu
at a glance	trong nháy mắt
at last	cuối cùng
at the end of	đoạn cuối của
at least	tối thiểu
at a loss	thua lỗ
at a profit	có lãi
at sea	ở ngoài biển
at once	ngay lập tức
at war	đang có chiến tranh
at work	đang làm việc
WITHOUT
without a chance	không có cơ hội
without a break	không được nghỉ ngơi
without doubt	không nghi ngờ
without delay	không trậm trễ, không trì hoãn
without exception	không có ngoại lệ
without fail	không có ngoại lệ, thường xuyên
without success	không thành công
without a word	không một lời
without warning	không được cảnh báo
ON
on average	tính trung bình
on behalf of	thay mặt cho
on board	trên tàu
on business	đang công tác
on duty	đang làm nhiệm vụ
on foot	bằngchân
on fire	đang cháy
on the contrary to	tương phản với
on one’s own	một mình
on loan	đang cho mượn
on the market	đang được bán trên thị trường
on the phone	đang nói chuyện điện thoại
on strike	đình công
on time	đúng giờ
on the verge of	trên bờ vực / sắp sửa
on a diet	đang ăn kiêng
on purpose	cố tình
on the other hand	mặt khác
on trial	đang thử nghiệm
UNDER
under age	chưa đến tuổi
under no circumstance	trong bất kì trường hợp nào cũng không
under control	bị kiểm soát
under the impression	có cảm tưởng rằng
under cover of	đội lốt, giả danh
under guarantee	được bảo hành
under pressure	chịu áp lực
under discussion	đang được thảo luận
under an / noobligation to do something	có (không) có bổn phận làm gì
under repair	đang được sửa chữa
under suspicion	đang nghi ngờ
under stress	đang bị căng thẳng
under one’s thumb	hoàn toàn chịu sự điều khiển của
under the influence of	dưới ảnh hưởng của
under the law	theo pháp luật
IN
in addition	ngoài ra, thêm vào.
in advance	trước
in the balance	ở thế cân bằng
in all likelihood	có khả năng
in common	có điểm chung
in charge of	chịu trách nhiệm
in dispute with somebody/something	trong tình trạng tranh chấp với
in ink	bằng mực
in the end	cuối cùng
in favor of something	ủng hộ cái gì đó
in fear of doing something	sợ làm điều gì đó
in (good/ bad) condition	trong điều kiện tốt / xấu
in a hurry	đang vội
in a moment	trong lát nữa
in pain	đang bị đau
in the past	trước đây / trong quá khứ
in practice	trong thực tế
in public	trước công chúng
in short	tóm lại
in trouble with	gặp rắc rối về
in time	vừa kịp giờ
in turn	lần lượt
in silence	trong yên tĩnh
in recognition of something / somebody	nhằm tôn vinh ai / cái gì
OUT OF
Out of work	thất nghiệp
Out of date	lỗi thời
Out of reach	ngoài tầm với
Out of money	hết tiền
Out of danger	hết nguy hiểm
Out of use	hết sài, hết dùng được
Out of the question	không bàn cãi
Out of order	Hư, hỏng
Out of sight, out of mind	xa mặt cách lòng
FROM
from now on	kể từ giờ trở đi
from time to time	thỉnh thoảng
from memory	theo trí nhớ
from bad to worse	ngày càng tồi tệ
from what I can gather	theo những gì tôi biết
WITH
with the exception of	ngoại trừ
with intent to	với ý định
with regard to something	về việc gì đó
with a view to + V-ing	với mục đích làm gì

Để nhớ giới từ với danh từ dễ hơn, chúng ta có thể nhớ chúng thông qua các ví dụ và bài tập.

I came here by bus. (Tôi tới đây bằng xe bus)
I haven't seen him for a while.
(Tôi không hặp cậu ta 1 thời gian rồi)
At first, I don't like my teacher.
(Lúc đầu, tôi không thích giáo viên của tôi cho lắm)
I just left without a word.
(Anh ấy rời đi mà không nói lời nào)
On behalf of my family, I'm so sorry for your lost.
(Thay mặt gia đình, tôi rất tiếc về sự mất mát của bạn)
Everything is under control.
(Mọi việc đều nằm trong tầm kiểm soát)
He arrived there just in time.
(Anh ấy tới đó vừa kịp lúc)
This remote is out of order.
(Cái remote này hỏng rồi)
From now on, I will not provide you with any cent.
(Từ giờ trờ đi, mẹ sẽ không chu cấp cho con 1 đồng nào nữa)

Bài tập Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 104: Giới từ đi với danh từ – Học Hay

A Complete the sentences. Choose from the box.

by mistake

by hand

by credit card

by chance

by email

on purpose

1 We don’t need cash. We can pay by credit card.

2 Kate and James keep in touch with one another mainly………………… .

3 I didn’t intend to take your umbrella. I took it…………… .

4 I think he arrived late…………… . He wanted to keep us waiting.

5 Some things are planned. Other things happen…………… .

6 Don’t put my sweater in the washing machine. It has to be washed…………… .

B Put in by, in or on.

1 Jess usually goes to work by bus.

2 I saw Jane this morning. She was ……………the bus.

3 How did you get here? Did you come ……………train?

4 I couldn’t find a seat ……………the train. It was full.

5 How much will it cost to the airport…………… taxi?

6 Did you come here…………… Sarah’s car or yours?

7 The injured man was taken to hospital…………… ambulance.

8 How long does it take to cross the Atlantic ……………ship?

9 He doesn’t drive much. He goes everywhere…………… bike or…………… foot.

C Complete these sentences about books, paintings etc. Choose from the box.

by mosquitoes

by one of our players

by lightning

by Beethoven

by a strange noise

by Leonardo da Vinci

by a professional

photographer

1 I was woken up in the night by a strange noise.

2 These pictures were taken…………… .

3 I hate getting bitten…………… .

4 ‘Mona Lisa’ is a famous painting…………… .

5 We lost the game because of a mistake…………… .

6 The plane was damaged…………… , but landed safely.

7 This music is…………… , but I can’t remember what it’s called.

D Put in by, in, on or with.

1 Have you ever been bitten by a dog?

2 We managed to put the fire out…………… a fire extinguisher.

3 Who’s that man standing…………… the window?

4 Do you travel much…………… bus?

5 We travelled ……………my friend’s car because it is larger and more comfortable than mine.

6 It was only…………… accident that I discovered the error.

7 These pictures were taken…………… a very good camera.

8 My friends live in a beautiful house…………… the sea.

9 There were only a few people…………… the plane. It was almost empty.

10 The new railway line will reduce the journey time…………… two hours (from five hours to three).

11 There was a small table…………… the bed…………… a lamp and a clock…………… it.

E Complete the sentences using by.

1 Carl won the race. He was five metres in front of the other runners.

Carl won by five metres.

2 Ten years ago the population of the country was 50 million. Now it is 56 million.

In the last ten years the population has……………

3 There was an election. Helen won. She got 25 votes and James got 23.

Helen won……………

4 I went to Kate’s office to see her, but she had left work five minutes before I arrived.

I missed……………

F Complete the sentences using in + the following:

the mood cold weather love my opinion

French the rain kilometres the shade

1 Don’t go out in the rain. Wait until it stops.

2 Matt likes to keep warm, so he doesn’t go out much……………….. .

3 The movie was …………….with English subtitles.

4 They fell …………….almost immediately and were married in a few weeks.

5 I don’t feel like going to a party tonight. I’m not……………. .

6 It’s too hot here. I’m going to sit……………. under that tree.

7 Amanda thought the restaurant was OK, but……………. it wasn’t very good.

8 Fifty miles? What’s that……………. ?

G Complete the sentences using on + the following:

business cruise a diet fire holiday her phone

the radio purpose strike TV a tour the whole

1 I heard the weather forecast on the radio . It’s going to get warmer.

2 Workers at the company have gone ………………..for better pay and conditions.

3 Don’t go ……………if you don’t like being at sea.

4 There was panic when people realised that the building was…………… .

5 Soon after we arrived, we were taken ……………of the city.

6 Emma has lots of useful apps…………… .

7 I feel lazy this evening. Is there anything worth watching…………… ?

8 I’m sorry. It was an accident. I didn’t do it …………….

9 If you are ……………, there are certain things you’re not allowed to eat.

10 We’ll be ……………from Friday. We’re going to the mountains.

11 Jane’s job involves a lot of travelling. She often has to go away…………… .

12 Some of the exam questions were hard, but…………… it was OK.

H Complete the sentences with in, on or at.

1 Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

2 When I was 14, I went ……………a trip to France organised by my school.

3 Julia’s grandmother died recently ……………the age of 90.

4 Can you turn the light on, please? I don’t want to sit ……………the dark.

5 We didn’t go ……………holiday last year. We stayed at home.

6 I hate driving…………… fog. You can’t see anything.

7 Technology has developed ……………great speed.

8 David got married…………… 19, which is rather young to get married.

9 I listened to an interesting programme ……………the radio this morning.

10 I wouldn’t like to go ……………a cruise. I think I’d get bored.

11 The earth travels round the sun ……………107,000 kilometres an hour.

12 I shouldn’t eat too much. I’m supposed to be ……………a diet.

13 A lot of houses were damaged ……………the storm last week.

14 I won’t be here next week. I’ll be…………… holiday.

15 I wouldn’t like his job. He spends most of his time talking ……………the phone.

16 ‘Did you enjoy your holiday?’ ‘Not every minute, but ……………the whole, yes.’

17 ……………your opinion, what should I do?

18 Ben is a happy sort of person. He always seems to be ……………a good mood.

19 I don’t think violent films should be shown ……………TV.

20 The museum guidebook is available ……………several languages.

Đáp án

2 by email

3 by mistake

4 on purpose

5 by chance

6 by hand

2 on

3 by

4 on

5 by

6 in

7 by

8 by

9 by bike (or on his bike) … on foot

2 by a professional photographer

3 by mosquitoes

4 by Leonardo da Vinci

5 by one of our players

6 by lightning

7 by Beethoven

2 with

3 by

4 by

5 in

6 by

7 with

8 by

9 on

10 by

11 by the bed with a lamp and a clock on it

2 In the last ten years the population has gone up / increased / grown / risen by 6 million.

3 Helen won (the election) by two votes.

4 I missed her/Kate by five minutes.

F
2 in cold weather
3 in French
4 in love
5 in the mood
6 in the shade
7 in my opinion
8 in kilometres

G
2 on strike
3 on a cruise
4 on fire
5 on a tour
6 on her phone
7 on TV
8 on purpose
9 on a diet
10 on holiday
11 on business
12 on the whole

H
2 on
3 at
4 in
5 on
6 in
7 at
8 at
9 on
10 on
11 at
12 on
13 in
14 on
15 on
16 on
17 In
18 in
19 on
20 in

#hochay #hoctienganh #hocanhvanonline #luyenthitienganh #hocgioitienganh #apphoctienganh #webhoctienganh #detienganhonline #nguphaptienganh #luyenthitoeic #etsTOEIC

Sách Ngữ pháp Luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 105: Danh từ + giới từ (reason for...) – Học Hay

Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 104: Giới từ đi với danh từ – Học Hay