Sách Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 86: So sánh bằng và so sánh hơn – Học Hay

So Sánh Hơn Kém

 

1. So sánh hơn 

- Câu so sánh hơn dùng để so sánh hai vật, hai người, hai khái niệm, với nhau. Cấu trúc so sánh hơn trong tiếng anh:

Tính từ ngắn:
S + V + short Adj/adv + er + than + N/pronoun

Tính từ/ trạng từ dài:
S + V + more + long Adj/adv + than + N/pronoun

Ví dụ:

• Max is taller than Judy.
  
  (Max cao hơn Judy)

• This chair is more comfortable than others.
  
  (Cái ghế này thoải mái hơn so với mấy cái còn lại)

- Ta có thể nhấn mạnh sự so sánh bằng cách thêm much hay far vào trước tính từ.

• Ví dụ: This is chair is much more comfortable than others.
  
  (Cái ghế này thoải mái hơn nhiều so với mấy cái còn lại)

- Phân biệt trạng từ/tính từ dài và ngắn:

► Các trạng từ và tính từ ngắn trong so sánh hơn:

+ Tính từ có 1 âm tiết hoặc 2 âm tiết tận cùng là –y (happy, lucky), -er (clever), -ow (narrow), -le(simple, gentle), -ure (mature), -et (trừ quiet, polite)

+ Trạng từ có 1 âm tiết (fast, hard) hoặc 2 âm tiết (early)

► Các tính từ và trạng từ dài:

+ Tính từ, trạng từ có 2 âm tiết trở lên (normal, boring, interesting)

+ Tính từ tận cùng là –ly (slowly, quickly, dangerously)

+ Tính từ hai âm tiết đuôi –ing và –ed ; –full và –less (boring – bored; carefull – careless)

→ Lưu ý: Đừng nhầm lẫn giữa tính từ đuôi -ly và trạng từ đuôi -ly

- Quy tắc thay đổi tính từ so sánh hơn:

+ Đối với tính từ dài 2 - 3 âm tiết, chỉ cần thêm more vào trước.

+ Thêm đuôi -er cho tính từ có 1 âm tiết hoặc 2 âm tiết tận cùng là –y (happy, lucky), -er(clever), -ow (narrow), -le (simple, gentle), -ure (mature), -et (trừ quiet, polite)

+ Nếu tính từ tận cùng là –y thì khi thêm đuôi –er, -y sẽ chuyển thành –i (early → earlier, happy → happier)

+ Nếu tính từ tận cùng là một phụ âm và trước phụ âm đó là nguyên âm thì ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối (big → bigger)

2. So sánh kém

- So sánh kém trong tiếng anh dùng để thể hiện sự kém, ít hơn giữa hai đối tượng.

a. Với tính từ

Dùng less: S + V + less + Adj/ adv + than + noun/pronoun

Dùng as: S + V + not as + adj/ adv + as + noun/pronoun

Ví dụ:

• In my opinion, Math is less interesting than English.
  (Đối với tôi, Toán không thú vị bằng tiếng Anh)
• My sister cooks not as well as my mom (does).
  (Chị gái tôi không nấu ăn ngon bằng mẹ tôi)

b. Với danh từ:

- Danh từ đếm được (countable noun):

S + V + FEWER +  noun + THAN + noun/ pronoun/ clause.

Ví dụ:

• Kate makes fewer mistakes in the essay than Marry does.
  (Bài văn của Kate có ít lỗi hơn bài văn của Marry)

• My son has fewer pencils than he did yesterday.
  (Con trai tôi có ít bút chì hơn ngày hôm qua)

- Danh từ không đếm được (uncountable noun):

S + V + LESS + uncountable noun + THAN + noun/ pronoun/ clause.

Ví dụ:

• I earn less money than my brother does.
  (Tôi kiếm tiền ít hơn anh trai mình)

• Susan drank less wine than her husband.
  (Susan uống ít rượu hơn chồng của cô)

Tính Từ So Sánh Bất Quy Tắc

Một số tính từ/trạng từ không theo quy tắc thông thường khi so sánh. Hãy cùng nhìn bảng so sánh hơn nhất của tính từ bất quy tắc dưới đây:

Tính/ trạng từ	Dạng so sánh hơn	Dạng so sánh nhất	Nghĩa
Good/well	better	the best	tốt, tốt hơn, tốt nhất
Bad/badly	worse	the worst	tệ, tệ hơn, tệ nhất
Far	farther (US: further)	the furthest	xa, xa hơn, xa nhất
Lillte	less	the least	ít, ít hơn, ít nhất
Many/much	more	the most	nhiều, nhiều hơn, nhiều nhất

 

 

A Complete the sentences using a comparative form (older / more important etc.).

1 This restaurant is very expensive. Let’s go somewhere cheaper .

2 This coffee is very weak. I like it……………. .

3 The town was surprisingly big. I expected it to be………… .

4 The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be………… .

5 The weather is too cold here. I’d like to live somewhere………… .

6 Sometimes my job is a bit boring. I’d like to do something………… .

7 It’s a shame you live so far away. I wish you lived………… .

8 It was quite easy to find a place to live. I thought it would be………… .

9 Your work isn’t very good. I’m sure you can do………… .

10 Don’t worry. The situation isn’t so bad. It could be………… .

11 You hardly ever call me. Why don’t you call me………… ?

12 You’re too near the camera. Can you move a bit …………away?

B Complete the sentences. Use the comparative forms of the words in the box. Use than where necessary.

big          early     high       important            interested           peaceful              reliable                                 serious                 slowly thin

 

1 I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed earlier than usual.

2 I’d like to have a more reliable car. The one I have keeps breaking down.

3 Unfortunately the problem was …………we thought at first.

4 You look………… . Have you lost weight?

5 We don’t have enough space here. We need a …………apartment.

6 James doesn’t study very hard. He’s………… in having a good time.

7 Health and happiness are …………money.

8 I like living in the country. It’s …………living in a town.

9 I’m sorry I don’t understand. Can you speak………… , please?

10 In some parts of the country, prices are …………in others.

C Complete the sentences. Choose from:

than       more     worse   quietly longer   better   careful frequent

 

1 Getting a visa was complicated. It took longer than I expected.

2 Sorry about my mistake. I’ll try and be more …………in future.

3 Your English has improved. It’s …………than it was.

4 You can travel by bus or by train. The buses are more …………than the trains.

5 You can’t always have things immediately. You have to be …………patient.

6 I’m a pessimist. I always think things are going to get………… .

7 We were busier …………usual in the office today. It’s not usually so busy.

8 You’re talking very loudly. Can you speak more………… ?

D Read the situations and complete the sentences. Use a comparative form (-er or more …).

1 Yesterday the temperature was six degrees. Today it’s only three degrees.

It’s colder today than it was yesterday.

2 Dan and I went for a run. I ran ten kilometres. Dan stopped after eight kilometres.

I ran………… Dan.

3 The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train.

The journey takes………… train …………car.

4 I expected my friends to arrive at about 4 o’clock. In fact they arrived at 2.30.

My friends …………I expected.

5 There is always a lot of traffic here, but today the traffic is really bad.

The traffic today …………usual.

 

E Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use much / a bit etc. + a comparative form. Use than where necessary.

1 The problem is much more serious than we thought at first. (much / serious)

2 This bag is too small. I need something…………………. . (much / big)

3 I liked the museum. It was ……………I expected. (a lot / interesting)

4 It was very hot yesterday. Today it’s…………… . (a little / cool)

5 I’m afraid the problem is it seems……………. (far / complicated)

6 You’re driving too fast. Can you drive…………… ? (a bit / slowly)

7 I thought he was younger than me, but in fact he’s…………… . (slightly / old)

F Complete the sentences using any/no + comparative. Use than where necessary.

1 I’ve waited long enough. I’m not waiting any longer .

2 I’m sorry I’m a bit late, but I couldn’t get here…………… .

3 This shop isn’t expensive. The prices are…………… anywhere else.

4 I need to stop for a rest. I can’t walk…………… .

5 The traffic isn’t especially bad today. It’s…………… usual.

G Complete the sentences using … and … (see Section C).

1 It’s getting more and more difficult to find a job. (difficult)

2 That hole in your sweater is getting……………. (big)

3 I waited for my interview and became…………… . (nervous)

4 As the day went on, the weather got…………… . (bad)

5 Health care is becoming…………… . (expensive)

6 Since Anna went to Canada, her English has got…………… . (good)

7 These days I travel a lot. I’m spending away from home……………. (time)

H Complete the sentences using the … the … .

1 You learn things more easily when you’re young.

The younger you are , the easier it is to learn.

2 It’s hard to concentrate when you’re tired.

The more tired you are, the…………… .

3 We should decide what to do as soon as possible.

The…………… , the better.

4 I know more, but I understand less.

The…………… , the less I understand.

5 If you use more electricity, your bill will be higher.

The more electricity you use, …………… .

6 Kate had to wait a long time and became more and more impatient.

The…………… , the more .

I Use the words on the right to complete the sentences.

any better elder less less longer more no older slightly the

 

1 I like to travel light. The less luggage, the better.

2 The problem is getting…………… and more serious.

3 The more time I have, the…………… it takes me to do things.

4 I’m walking as fast as I can. I can’t walk ……………faster.

5 The higher your income, ……………more tax you have to pay.

6 I’m surprised Anna is only 25. I thought she was…………… .

7 Jane’s…………… sister is a nurse.

8 I was a little late. The journey took…………… longer than I expected.

9 Applications for the job must be received…………… later than 15 April.

10 Don’t tell him anything. The ……………he knows, the…………… .

 

J Complete the sentences using as … as.

1 I’m tall, but you are taller. I’m not as tall as you .

2 My salary is high, but yours is higher. My salary isn’t………………. .

3 You know a bit about cars, but I know more.

You don’t…………… .

4 We are busy today, but we were busier yesterday.

We aren’t…………… .

5 I still feel bad, but I felt a lot worse earlier.

I don’t …………….

6 Our neighbours have lived here for quite a long time, but we’ve lived here longer.

Our neighbours haven’t …………….

7 I was a little nervous before the interview, but usually I’m a lot more nervous.

I wasn’t…………… .

K Write a new sentence with the same meaning.

1 Jack is younger than he looks. Jack isn’t as old as he looks .

2 I didn’t spend as much money as you. You spent more money than me .

3 The station was nearer than I thought. The station wasn’t…………… .

4 The meal didn’t cost as much as I expected. The meal cost…………… .

5 I watch TV less than I used to. I don’t…………… .

6 Karen’s hair isn’t as long as it used to be. Karen used to…………… .

7 I know them better than you do. You don’t…………… .

8 There are fewer students in this class than in the other one.

There aren’t…………… .

L Complete the sentences using as … as. Choose from:

fast        hard       long      often     quietly     soon                 well

 

1 I’m sorry I’m late. I got here as fast as I could.

2 It was a difficult question. I answered it…………… I could.

3 ‘How long can I stay with you?’ ‘You can stay…………… you like.’

4 I need the information quickly, so let me know…………… possible.

5 I like to keep fit, so I go swimming…………… I can.

6 I didn’t want to wake anybody, so I came in…………… I could.

7 You always say how tiring your job is, but I work just ……………you.

M Write sentences using the same as.

1 David and James are both 22 years old. David is the same age as James.

2 You and I both have dark brown hair. Your hair…………… mine.

3 I arrived at 10.25 and so did you. I arrived…………… you.

4 My birthday is 5 April. It’s Tom’s birthday too. My birthday…………… Tom’s.

N Complete the sentences. Choose from:

as            him        is             less        me         much     soon      than       twice

 

1 I’ll let you know as soon as I have any more news.

2 My friends arrived earlier ……………I expected.

3 I live in the same street ……………Katherine. We’re neighbours.

4 He doesn’t know much. I know more than…………… .

5 This morning there was…………… traffic than usual.

6 I don’t watch TV as…………… as I used to.

7 Your bag is quite light. Mine is ……………as heavy as yours.

8 We were born in the same year. I’m a little older than she…………… .

9 I was really surprised. Nobody was more surprised than…………… .

A

2 stronger

3 smaller

4 more expensive

5 warmer / hotter

6 more interesting / more exciting

7 nearer / closer

8 harder / more difficult / more complicated

9 better

10 worse

11 more often

12 further / farther

B

3 more serious than

4 thinner

5 bigger

6 more interested

7 more important than

8 more peaceful than

9 more slowly

10 higher than

C

2 careful

3 better

4 frequent

5 more

6 worse

7 than

8 quietly

D

2 I ran further/farther than Dan.

3 The journey takes longer by train than by car.

4 My friends arrived earlier than I expected.

5 The traffic today is worse than usual.

E

2 much bigger

3 a lot more interesting than

4 a little cooler

5 far more complicated than

6 a bit more slowly

7 slightly older

F

2 any sooner / any earlier

3 no higher than / no more expensive than / no worse than

4 any further/farther

5 no worse than

G

2 bigger and bigger

3 more and more nervous

4 worse and worse

5 more and more expensive

6 better and better

7 more and more time

H

2 The more tired you are, the harder it is to concentrate.

3 The sooner we decide (what to do), the better.

4 The more I know, the less I understand.

5 The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.

6 The more / The longer she had to wait, the more impatient she became.

I

2 more

3 longer

4 any

5 the

6 older

7 elder or older

8 slightly

9 no

10 (The) less (he knows, the) better

J

2 My salary isn’t as high as yours.

3 You don’t know as much about cars as me. or … as I do. or … as I know.

4 We aren’t as busy today as we were yesterday. or … as busy today as yesterday.

5 I don’t feel as bad as I did earlier. or … as I felt earlier.

6 Our neighbours haven’t lived here as long as us. or … as long as we have.

7 I wasn’t as nervous (before the interview) as I usually am. or … as usual.

K

3 The station wasn’t as far as I thought.

4 The meal cost less than I expected.

5 I don’t watch TV as much as I used to. or … as often as I used to.

6 Karen used to have longer hair.

7 You don’t know them as well as me. or … as I do.

8 There aren’t as many students in this class as in the other one.

L

2 as well as

3 as long as

4 as soon as

5 as often as

6 as quietly as

7 as hard as

M

2 Your hair is the same colour as mine.

3 I arrived (at) the same time as you.

4 My birthday is (on) the same day as Tom’s. or My birthday is the same as Tom’s.

N

2 than

3 as

4 him

5 less

6 much

7 twice

8 is

9 me

 

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